Gender Experiences of Employees at Golden Valley Industries

1. Introduction

This analysis explores work experience differences among the genders at Golden Valley, focusing on critical variables like salary, job demands, work-life conflict, and turnover. The HR and survey-based analysis comparing male and female workers is conducted to assess disparities in workplace conditions and career outcomes. The report also develops a predictive model for employee turnover factors and explains the findings that could help in improving workforce management through gender equality.

2. Comparative Analysis

2.1 Annual Salary

Table 1: Annual Salary statistics

Group Statistics

 

Gender

N

Mean

Std. Deviation

Std. Error Mean

Annual_Salary

Male

254

$141,330.1929

$31,135.83070

$1,953.63577

Female

317

$99,094.0978

$28,751.84269

$1,614.86437

Table 2: Analysing trends of annual salary among gender using t-test

                                                    Independent Samples Test

 

Levene's Test for Equality of Variances

t-test for Equality of Means

F

Sig.

t

df

Sig. (2-tailed)

Mean Difference

Std. Error Difference

95% Confidence Interval of the Difference

Lower

Upper

Annual_Salary

Equal variances assumed

.429

.513

16.810

569

.000

$42,236.09512

$2,512.48365

$37,301.22068

$47,170.96956

Equal variances not assumed

 

 

16.663

521.805

.000

$42,236.09512

$2,534.65573

$37,256.71161

$47,215.47863

 

Table1 and 2 interprets the t-test results that identifies significant inequities in compensation structure at Golden Valley. It is interpreted that there exists significant salary disparity between male and female with male average earning of $141,330 while comparing $99,094 for female staffs. It is determined that average earning of male staffs is $42,236 higher than the female staff at Golden Valley.

2.2 Number of holidays and sick days taken per year

Table 3: Holidays taken statistics

Group Statistics

 

Gender

N

Mean

Std. Deviation

Std. Error Mean

Sick_days_Taken_YTD

Male

254

5.1850

3.20715

.20123

Female

317

4.9274

3.15493

.17720

Holiday_days_taken_YTD

Male

254

9.9921

6.45691

.40514

Female

317

9.8265

5.88052

.33028

Table 4: Comparison of holidays using t-test

Independent Samples Test

 

Levene's Test for Equality of Variances

t-test for Equality of Means

F

Sig.

t

df

Sig. (2-tailed)

Mean Difference

Std. Error Difference

95% Confidence Interval of the Difference

Lower

Upper

Sick_days_Taken_YTD

Equal variances assumed

.037

.848

.962

569

.336

.25759

.26765

-.26810

.78329

Equal variances not assumed

 

 

.961

538.326

.337

.25759

.26813

-.26912

.78431

Holiday_days_taken_YTD

Equal variances assumed

7.806

.005

.320

569

.749

.16563

.51735

-.85053

1.18178

Equal variances not assumed

 

 

.317

517.891

.751

.16563

.52271

-.86127

1.19252

Table 3 and 4 provides results on t-test that compares means of number of holidays taken by male and female staffs at Golden Valley. Table 3 provides grouping statistics on number of holidays and sick days taken by the respective gender roles including male and female staffs at Golden Valley. Table 4 interprets that, there exists no significant differences in the means of holidays or sick leaves taken by male and female which reflects equity of the workplace policies regarding leaves.

2.3 Work-life conflict, and associated levels of stress and burnout

Table 5: Work-life conflict, and associated levels of stress and burnout statistics

Group Statistics

 

Gender

N

Mean

Std. Deviation

Std. Error Mean

Burnout

Male

254

.3902

.25742

.01615

Female

317

.3744

.26957

.01514

Stress

Male

254

.5394

.22708

.01425

Female

317

.5047

.22149

.01244

Work_life_conflict

Male

254

.4169

.30123

.01890

Female

317

.6691

.21374

.01201

Table 6: Gender comparison of Work-life conflict, and associated levels of stress and burnout

Independent Samples Test

 

Levene's Test for Equality of Variances

t-test for Equality of Means

F

Sig.

t

df

Sig. (2-tailed)

Mean Difference

Std. Error Difference

95% Confidence Interval of the Difference

Lower

Upper

Burnout

Equal variances assumed

.920

.338

.706

569

.480

.01571

.02225

-.02800

.05942

Equal variances not assumed

 

 

.710

551.830

.478

.01571

.02214

-.02778

.05920

Stress

Equal variances assumed

1.219

.270

1.836

569

.067

.03464

.01886

-.00241

.07169

Equal variances not assumed

 

 

1.831

536.254

.068

.03464

.01892

-.00252

.07179

Work_life_conflict

Equal variances assumed

63.801

.000

-11.680

569

.000

-.25216

.02159

-.29456

-.20975

Equal variances not assumed

 

 

-11.261

440.864

.000

-.25216

.02239

-.29616

-.20815

Table 6 interprets t-test results that shows that females at Golden Valley experiences more work-life conflicts as interpreting p-value at 0.000. Table 5 provides that the mean of work-life conflicts is interpreted as 0.6691 in female while comparing 0.4169 of male. On the other hand, no significant differences exists in stress or burnout at p-values of 0.067 and 0.480 respectively.

2.4 Experiences of negative acts

Table 7: Crosstab of Gender* Gossip and slander

Count 

 

Gossip_and_slander

Total

.00

.10

.20

.30

.40

.50

.60

.70

.80

.90

1.00

Gender

Female

2

3

3

3

17

45

62

37

73

46

26

317

Male

21

46

18

22

27

32

22

14

17

27

8

254

Other / wish not to disclose

2

10

12

11

20

27

36

51

37

39

27

272

Total

25

59

33

36

64

104

120

102

127

112

61

843

Table 8: Chi-Square Tests of Gender* Gossip and slander

 

Value

df

Asymptotic Significance (2-sided)

Pearson Chi-Square

208.676a

20

.000

Likelihood Ratio

209.182

20

.000

Linear-by-Linear Association

5.724

1

.017

N of Valid Cases

843

 

 

a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 7.53.

Table 7 and 8 interprets chi-square test results that shows significant differences between gender roles considering experiences of gossips, and slander. The p-value of 0.000 determines higher rates of female gossips compared to males at Golden Valley workplace.

Table 9: Crosstab of Conflicts and quarrels

Count 

 

Conflict_and_quarrels

Total

.00

.10

.20

.30

.40

.50

.60

.70

.80

.90

1.00

Gender

Female

0

6

5

3

24

54

64

34

43

56

28

317

Male

9

28

36

43

17

27

23

24

14

20

13

254

Other / wish not to disclose

6

6

8

15

26

43

39

26

44

38

21

272

Total

15

40

49

61

67

124

126

84

101

114

62

843

Table 10: Chi-Square Tests of Conflicts and quarrels

 

Value

df

Asymptotic Significance (2-sided)

Pearson Chi-Square

180.315a

20

.000

Likelihood Ratio

182.350

20

.000

Linear-by-Linear Association

7.001

1

.008

N of Valid Cases

843

 

 

a. 2 cells (6.1%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 4.52.

Table 9 and 10 interprets chi-square test results that shows significant differences between gender roles considering experiences of gossips, and slander. The p-value of 0.000 determines higher rates of female conflicts and quarrels compared to males at Golden Valley workplace.

Table 11: Crosstab of Cyber bullying

Count 

 

Cyber_bullying

Total

.00

.10

.20

.30

.40

.50

.60

.70

.80

.90

1.00

Gender

Female

20

33

26

32

30

29

35

37

30

28

17

317

Male

18

21

33

20

22

22

24

27

25

32

10

254

Other / wish not to disclose

16

24

28

25

34

33

28

22

28

23

11

272

Total

54

78

87

77

86

84

87

86

83

83

38

843

Table 12: Chi-Square Tests of Cyber bullying

 

Value

df

Asymptotic Significance (2-sided)

Pearson Chi-Square

15.082a

20

.772

Likelihood Ratio

14.862

20

.784

Linear-by-Linear Association

.255

1

.614

N of Valid Cases

843

 

 

a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 11.45.

Table 11 and 12 interprets chi-square test results that shows significant differences between gender roles considering experiences of gossips, and slander. The p-value of 0.772 determines no difference between the rate of cyberbullying between the male and female staff members working at Golden Valley.

Table 13: Crosstab of Sexual harassment

Count 

 

Sexual_Harrassment

Total

.00

.10

.20

.30

.70

.80

.90

1.00

Gender

Female

1

7

6

1

50

103

88

61

317

Male

11

45

51

20

15

48

42

22

254

Other / wish not to disclose

7

22

8

4

33

73

82

43

272

Total

19

74

65

25

98

224

212

126

843

Table 14: Chi-Square Tests of Sexual harassment

 

Value

df

Asymptotic Significance (2-sided)

Pearson Chi-Square

195.181a

14

.000

Likelihood Ratio

193.615

14

.000

Linear-by-Linear Association

11.347

1

.001

N of Valid Cases

843

 

 

a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 5.72.

Table 13 and 14 interprets chi-square test results that shows significant differences between gender roles considering experiences of gossips, and slander. The p-value (Asymptotic Significance) of 0.000 determines higher rates of female sexual harassments compared to males at Golden Valley.

2.5 Job demands

Table 15: Group Statistics of Job demands

 

Gender

N

Mean

Std. Deviation

Std. Error Mean

Quantitative_demands

Male

254

.5327

.28451

.01785

Female

317

.5035

.29781

.01673

Emotional_demands

Male

254

.5240

.26838

.01684

Female

317

.5161

.27747

.01558

Role_clarity

Male

254

.4449

.29413

.01846

Female

317

.4265

.29798

.01674

Table 16: Independent Samples Test ofJob demands

 

Levene's Test for Equality of Variances

t-test for Equality of Means

F

Sig.

t

df

Sig. (2-tailed)

Mean Difference

Std. Error Difference

95% Confidence Interval of the Difference

Lower

Upper

Quantitative_demands

Equal variances assumed

.902

.343

1.188

569

.235

.02921

.02459

-.01909

.07750

Equal variances not assumed

 

 

1.194

551.753

.233

.02921

.02446

-.01885

.07726

Emotional_demands

Equal variances assumed

1.188

.276

.344

569

.731

.00793

.02303

-.03730

.05316

Equal variances not assumed

 

 

.346

549.329

.730

.00793

.02294

-.03714

.05300

Role_clarity

Equal variances assumed

.032

.859

.737

569

.462

.01838

.02495

-.03062

.06739

Equal variances not assumed

 

 

.738

545.075

.461

.01838

.02491

-.03056

.06732

Table 15 and 16 interprets t-test results no significant differences as interpreting varied p-values of 0.235, 0.731 and 0.462 for quantitative demands, emotional demands and role clarity respectively between gender roles for job demand within the Golden Valley Industries. 

2.6 Psychosocial support

Table 17: Group Statistics of Psychosocial support

 

Gender

N

Mean

Std. Deviation

Std. Error Mean

Quality_of_leadership

Male

254

.4984

.27201

.01707

Female

317

.4688

.26696

.01499

Collegial_support

Male

254

.4594

.27885

.01750

Female

317

.4741

.26258

.01475

Management_support

Male

254

.4579

.30360

.01905

Female

317

.4603

.28805

.01618

Table 18: Independent Samples Test ofPsychosocial support

 

Levene's Test for Equality of Variances

t-test for Equality of Means

F

Sig.

t

df

Sig. (2-tailed)

Mean Difference

Std. Error Difference

95% Confidence Interval of the Difference

Lower

Upper

Quality_of_leadership

Equal variances assumed

.139

.710

1.308

569

.191

.02966

.02267

-.01487

.07419

Equal variances not assumed

 

 

1.305

537.765

.192

.02966

.02272

-.01497

.07428

Collegial_support

Equal variances assumed

2.793

.095

-.646

569

.519

-.01468

.02273

-.05933

.02996

Equal variances not assumed

 

 

-.642

527.167

.521

-.01468

.02288

-.05964

.03027

Management_support

Equal variances assumed

2.998

.084

-.096

569

.924

-.00238

.02485

-.05118

.04643

Equal variances not assumed

 

 

-.095

529.178

.924

-.00238

.02499

-.05147

.04672

Table 17 and 18 provides t-test results stating no significant gender differences in perceptions of psychological support. The p-values reported as, 0.191, 0.519 and 0.924 for quality of leadership, collegial support and management support respectively are perceived similarly by males and females working in Golden Valley.

2.7 Whether female and male staff are performing at a proportionately equal rate

Table 19: Gender * Appraisal Crosstabulation

Count 

 

Appraisal

Total

under-performance

satisfactory

effective performance

highly effective

Gender

Female

113

135

32

37

317

Male

52

100

46

56

254

Other / wish not to disclose

83

98

49

42

272

Total

248

333

127

135

843

Table 20: Chi-Square TestsGender * Appraisal

 

Value

df

Asymptotic Significance (2-sided)

Pearson Chi-Square

30.690a

6

.000

Likelihood Ratio

31.540

6

.000

Linear-by-Linear Association

6.815

1

.009

N of Valid Cases

843

 

 

a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 38.27.

Table 19 and 20 reports chi-square test results that displays significant differences in performance appraisal ratings between genders as interpreting p-value being significant at 0.000. The test interprets highest number of males, n=56 as highly effective for performance appraisal at Golden Valley. 

2.8 Whether promotions are occurring equally across males and females

Table 21: Gender * Promotion Crosstabulation

Count 

 

Promotion

Total

did not receive a promotion

received a promotion

Gender

Female

297

20

317

Male

236

18

254

Other / wish not to disclose

248

24

272

Total

781

62

843

Table 22: Chi-Square Tests of Gender * Promotion

 

Value

df

Asymptotic Significance (2-sided)

Pearson Chi-Square

1.397a

2

.497

Likelihood Ratio

1.373

2

.503

Linear-by-Linear Association

1.335

1

.248

N of Valid Cases

843

 

 

a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 18.68.

Table 21 and 22 interprets chi-square test results showing no significant differences between genders receiving promotion at Golden Valley. The results support equal opportunities provided at Golden Valley to males and female both to earn promotion by hard work at their respective roles.

2.9 Whether turnover is more significant for female employees

Table 23: Gender * LeaverStatusCrosstabulation

Count 

 

LeaverStatus

Total

non-leaver

left

Gender

Female

308

9

317

Male

248

6

254

Other / wish not to disclose

263

9

272

Total

819

24

843

Table 24: Chi-Square Tests of Gender * LeaverStatus

 

Value

df

Asymptotic Significance (2-sided)

Pearson Chi-Square

.426a

2

.808

Likelihood Ratio

.428

2

.807

Linear-by-Linear Association

.101

1

.751

N of Valid Cases

843

 

 

a. 0 cells (0.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 7.23.

Table 23 and 24 reports chi-square test results that shows no significant differences in turnover rates between male and female staffs working at Golden Valley. The p-value of 0.808 indicates that gender and the turnover rates at Golden Valley is not related.

3. Predictive Model for Turnover

3.1 Logistic Refression

The predictive model for estimating the turnover at Golden Valley is done through performing Logistic Regression analysis.

Table 25: Logistic Regression Classification Table

Classification Tablea,b

 

Observed

Predicted

 

LeaverStatus

Percentage Correct

 

non-leaver

left

Step 0

LeaverStatus

non-leaver

819

0

100.0

left

24

0

.0

Overall Percentage

 

 

97.2

a. Constant is included in the model.

b. The cut value is .500

The model correctly predicts the 819 non-leavers with 100% precision but incorrectly classifies any of the leavers, thus indicating precision of 0%. Therefore, the overall precision stands at 97.2%, which suggests that the model has precision in predicting non-leavers but failed to detect leavers.

Table 26: Omnibus Tests of Model Coefficients

 

Chi-square

df

Sig.

Step 1

Step

15.396

2

.000

Block

15.396

2

.000

Model

15.396

2

.000

The Chi-square value is 15.396 with p-value <0.001, which indicates the model is significant and the predictors, specifically Quantitative Demands and Cyberbullying, indeed explain meaningful variance related to employee turnover.

Table 27: Model Summary

Step

-2 Log likelihood

Cox & Snell R Square

Nagelkerke R Square

1

202.742a

.018

.079

a. Estimation terminated at iteration number 7 because parameter estimates changed by less than .001.

The Cox & Snell R² = 0.018 and Nagelkerke R² = 0.079 suggest that the model accounts for only 1.8% to 7.9% of the explained variance in turnover. This implies that the model explains very little of the turnover, which requires additional predictors.

Table 28: Variables in the Equation

 

B

S.E.

Wald

df

Sig.

Exp(B)

Step 1a

Quantitative_demands

.657

.731

.806

1

.369

1.928

Cyber_bullying

-2.945

.847

12.097

1

.001

.053

Constant

-2.758

.519

28.204

1

.000

.063

a. Variable(s) entered on step 1: Quantitative_demands, Cyber_bullying.

Cyberbullying is a strong predictor, B = -2.945, p = 0.001, with high cyberbullying reducing the chances of turnover, Exp(B) = 0.053. Quantitative demands, B = 0.657, p = 0.369, are not significant. It has little to say about the probability of the turnover.

4. Recommendations

Based on the analysis of gender disparities from Golden Valley, the following recommendations are being forwarded for equity promotion and improvement of workplace condition.

  • Revenue Salary Disparities: The huge gap in salaries between males and females should be narrowed down in a fair and transparent pay audits and adjustment in equitable pay for equal work.
  • Balancing Work with Life: Since no differences at significant levels were found concerning leave, it should still be acknowledged that, in comparison, higher-reported work-life conflict among female employees requires more family-friendly policies and the potential increase in length of parental leave.
  • Improve Support from the Leader: There was no difference in quality of leadership found, though systematic training on issues of inclusivity can induce a better work environment for all genders.

5. Conclusion

Analysis shows that there remains a huge gender inequality in salary, work-life conflict, and incidents of negative acts at Golden Valley, even though equal leave policies and equal chances of promotion exist. Possible targeted interventions that may lead to a better and more balanced work environment include pay equalisation adjustments and secondary support systems.

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